Cov khoom ua tiav los ntawm cov khoom siv ziab yog suav tsis txheeb. Dhau li ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv physicochemical ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua, cov khoom siv thermophysical ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thaum lub sij hawm ziab thiab cov khoom siv rau cov khoom siv ziab khaub ncaws thaum cua sov kuj tseem ceeb rau cov neeg tsim qauv. Kab lus no nthuav tawm qee txoj hauv kev rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom ziab kom qhuav rau cov neeg tsim khoom siv.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cuab yeej ziab khaub ncaws
Txog niaj hnub no, ntau pua hom khoom siv ziab ziab tau ua tiav, nrog ntau tshaj li ib puas feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim khoom. Kuj tseem muaj ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm kev faib cov cuab yeej ziab khaub ncaws. Raws li txoj kev hloov tshav kub hauv cov txheej txheem ziab, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws (xws li airflow dryers, spray dryers, rotary sai dryers, fluidized bed dryers, etc.), conduction dryers (xws li rake dryers, roller dryers), thiab radiation dryers (xws li microwave dryers, far-infrared dryers). Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov cuab yeej ziab khaub ncaws uas sib xyaw ua ke ntau txoj kev hloov cua sov, xws li paddle dryers.
Feem ntau ntawm cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws tsis yog - cov khoom siv, feem ntau vim tias txhua lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws ua cov khoom sib txawv, thiab ntau lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws hloov pauv nyob ntawm cov khoom, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws thiab cov khoom siv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub meej txog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau qhuav, xws li cov khoom siv hauv lub xeev, hom dej noo, cov khoom siv thaum lub sij hawm ziab, muaj corrosiveness, flammability thiab explosiveness, tsim hluav taws xob zoo li qub, cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb, thiab cov khoom siv thermosensitive kub, txhawm rau txiav txim siab ntau yam ntawm lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws. Vim li no, ntau lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws tsis tuaj yeem ua ntau ntau- tsim; Yog li ntawd, tus txheej txheem tsim yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv thiab nws cov kev hloov pauv mus rau kev ua haujlwm.
Txoj kev xaiv rau cov khoom siv hauv cov cuab yeej ziab kom qhuav yog qhov zoo -paub. Cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv ziab yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov nqi ntawm chav tsev ziab, thiab kev xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj cov nqi khoom. Feem ntau, cov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum xaiv cov khoom siv rau cov khoom siv kom qhuav: Ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv ua tiav. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej ziab khaub ncaws yog kom qhuav cov khoom siv. Vim tias cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws siv ntau yam khoom siv, npog ntau thaj chaw xws li nplej, zaub mov, tshuaj, tshuaj, khoom siv hav zoov, ntawv, thiab metallurgy, cov khoom lag luam suav tsis tau. Cov kev xav tau rau cov ntaub ntawv qhuav yog sib txawv heev. Piv txwv li, tshuaj reagents, tshuaj, khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ceramic yuav tsum tsis txhob sib xyaw nrog cov hlau ions thaum lub sij hawm ziab; Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv carbon steel yuav tsum raug zam hauv kev xaiv cov khoom siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias cov dej noo hauv cov khoom muaj cov kua qaub, alkalis, ntsev, lossis cov kuab tshuaj organic, nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv hlau sib txawv. Qhov no corrosion yog exacerbated, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cua sov. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov dej noo hauv cov khoom.
Hais txog kev xaiv cov khoom siv raws li hom tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, raws li tau hais ua ntej, muaj ntau hom tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, txhua tus muaj cov qauv kev ua haujlwm sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, qhov no yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab tag nrho thaum xaiv cov khoom. Piv txwv li, thaum ziab magnesium oxide nyob rau hauv lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, lub siab tshaj tawm ntawm cov khoom hauv cov yeeb nkab airflow thiab hardness ntawm magnesium oxide ua rau hnyav hnyav ntawm qhov khoov ntawm cov yeeb nkab kom qhuav. Yog li ntawd, ib qho hnav-cov qauv tiv taus lossis hnav- cov khoom siv tiv taus yuav tsum tau tsim rau thaj chaw no. Tsis tas li ntawd, stainless hlau muaj qhov thermal conductivity tsawg dua li carbon steel. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv qhuav cov khoom uas conduction yog thawj tshav kub hloov lwm lub tsev txoj kev, yog hais tias stainless hlau yog xaiv raws li cov khoom tseem ceeb, lub tshav kub exchanger cheeb tsam yuav tsum tau xam raws li thermal conductivity ntawm stainless hlau. Cov piv txwv engineering qhia tau hais tias thaum xaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv, cov hlau tsis muaj steel yuav tsum muaj 30% ntau dua li cov pa roj carbon steel.
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau cov txheej txheem ziab nws txawv nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv thiab qhov ziab ziab. Kuv ib zaug tau tsim lub siab -kub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws uas ib txhij dries inorganic ntsev thiab pib cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerization. Qhov yuav tsum tau ziab huab cua kub siab tshaj 800 degree, yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom kim heev - kub resistant stainless hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, txiav txim siab tias tsis yog txhua lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw siab - qhov kub thiab txias, kev xam pom tau tias cov ntaub ntawv kub siab - cov ntaub ntawv tiv taus kub tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov siab - qhov kub thiab txias. Nws tau ua haujlwm ib txwm dhau ib xyoos tam sim no.
Kev xaiv cov khoom siv raws li cov khoom siv hauv ib puag ncig: Hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej, txawm tias cov xwm txheej saum toj no tau ua tiav, cov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv installation ib puag ncig ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab. Yog tias cov cuab yeej tau nruab rau hauv cov nroj tsuag tshuaj, qhov corrosiveness ntawm ib puag ncig rau cov khoom siv, kev tswj hwm, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo txiav txim siab los tsim cov qauv tsim tsim nyog.
Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv corrosion rau cov khoom ziab: Cov khoom siv ziab qhuav feem ntau muaj cov khoom siv vuam, cov phaj, thiab lub tog raj kheej. Kev tiv thaiv corrosion yog tsim nyog rau cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws ntawm cov ntawv thov sib txawv. Hauv qab no yog qee qhov kev paub dhau los hauv cov khoom siv tiv thaiv corrosion thiab kev tsim khoom.
Phosphating- txheej txheem passivation: Hauv kev tsim cov tshuab vibrating fluidized txaj, 70% ntawm cov khoom yog ua los ntawm cov hlau. Lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntev ntawm cov txheej txheem ua rau muaj ntau cov xeb ua rau ntawm qhov chaw, yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev tshem tawm xeb ua ntej pleev xim. Phosphating-passivation, los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv electrochemical, kho xeb-cov hlau ua haujlwm hauv ib kauj ruam, nthuav tawm cov xim hlau qub thaum tib lub sijhawm tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab ntom ntom- xeb. Cov yeeb yaj kiab no tuaj yeem tiv taus huab cua ntub rau ntau tshaj kaum hnub yam tsis muaj xeb. Nws txoj haujlwm yog yooj yim, txhim kho qhov chaw ua haujlwm, txo kev siv zog, thiab txuag cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov peev txheej. Cov tshuaj phosphating{10}}passivation muaj emulsifiers, molybdates, soluble phosphates, thiab ntau cov kua qaub. Txoj kev no tsis yog tsuas yog siv tau rau hom tshuab hais saum toj no xwb tab sis kuj tuaj yeem siv rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm lwm cov qauv zoo sib xws lossis cov thav ntawv.
Daim ntawv thov ntawm electrostatic hmoov txheej nyob rau hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom ziab: Cov tshuaj pleev ib ce yog cov kua dej uas muaj cov esters, ketones, thiab hydrocarbons ntau, ua rau muaj teeb meem ntau hauv kev tsim khoom, khaws cia, kev thauj mus los, thiab kev tsim kho. Lawv yog cov nplaim taws, tawg, thiab tsis zoo heev. Vim lawv cov toxicity, lawv volatilize rau hauv cov huab cua, hnyav heev polluting ib puag ncig. Yog li ntawd, domestic thiab thoob ntiaj teb txheej manufacturers tau mob siab rau tsim tshiab hom txheej uas siv tsawg los yog tsis muaj kev daws teeb meem. Ib yam tshiab ntawm txheej txheej yog hmoov txheej.
Lub hau saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws vibrating fluidized feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov khoom txias-rolled stainless hlau, ua rau cov nqi siab. Yog vim li cas siv stainless hlau es tsis txhob ntawm cov pa roj carbon zoo tib yam yog tias cov cuab yeej yuav los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog ntau yam corrosive cov ntaub ntawv thiab gases thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm, thiab stainless hlau muaj zoo heev corrosion kuj; yog li ntawd, txias- dov stainless hlau yog siv.
Electrostatic txau ntawm polyester cob hmoov coatings mus rau cov pa roj carbon zoo tib yam ua tiav corrosion kuj piv rau stainless hlau. Vim tias hom hmoov txheej no yog tawv, ruaj khov, thiab muaj cov khoom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, nrog rau cov huab cua sab nraum zoov zoo heev thiab kub tsis kam, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo, chalking kuj, gloss, thiab xim kev ua tau zoo, electrostatic hmoov txau yog zoo kawg nkaus haum rau corrosion tiv thaiv ntawm lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws.
Kev sib tham txog Vuam ntawm Austenitic Nickel-Chromium Stainless Hlau Ntau yam khoom siv ziab ziab yog cov ntaub ntawv hlau, feem ntau cov ntawv yog 1Cr18Ni9Ti (18-8 hom). Corrosion thiab tawg teeb meem feem ntau tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm vuam txheej txheem. Qhov no cuam tshuam rau cov khoom lifespan thiab kev ua tau zoo. Qhov sib txawv ntawm austenitic stainless hlau thiab cov pa roj carbon zoo tib yam nyob rau hauv nws cov thermal conductivity tsis zoo, coefficient loj ntawm thermal expansion thaum cua sov, thiab hluav taws xob tsis zoo. Vim yog cov yam ntxwv no, cov txheej txheem vuam tshwj xeeb yog xav tau rau cov hlau austenitic. Intergranular corrosion yog ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm high-alloy steel. Thaum cov hlau no nws tus kheej muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion siab, cov txheej txheem vuam txo qhov kev tiv thaiv no. Corrosion forms thaum vuam ntawm austenitic steel muaj xws li: zuag qhia tag nrho, localized, thiab intergranular corrosion. Ib lub Hoobkas hauv tsev tau xa cov khoom siv ziab khaub ncaws los ntawm txawv teb chaws. Txoj kev vuam tsis raug puas tsuaj rau microstructure ntawm stainless hlau ncej ntawm lub hnab lim, ua rau intergranular corrosion. Thaum lub sij hawm ziab, cov khoom muaj acidic Cheebtsam, ua rau kom ceev nrooj ntawm steel ncej.
Xaus Raws li kev siv tshuab ziab khaub ncaws tau tsim rau nws lub xeev tam sim no, raws li kev siv tshuab engineering, nws txoj kev vam meej tsis yog nyob ntawm theem ntawm kev ziab txoj kev xav xwb tab sis kuj tseem nyob ze ntawm cov khoom siv, xaiv cov khoom siv, thiab kev tsim khoom. Xav txog ntau yam, kev tsim cov phiaj xwm tsim khoom tsim nyog muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam.